A cup is to be drawn to a diameter of $$70mm$$ with $$35mm$$ depth from a $$0.5mm$$ thick sheet metal. The cup is drawn in one operation. Assume $${\sigma _u} = 430\,\,MPa.$$

The maximum drawing force is

It is required to punch a hole of diameter $$10mm$$ on a sheet of thickness $$3mm.$$ The shear strength of the work material is $$420Mpa.$$ The required punch force is

A work piece of $$1000$$ $$mm$$ length and $$300$$ $$mm$$ width is machined by planning operation with a feed of $$0.3$$ $$mm/stroke.$$ The machine tool executes $$10$$ double strokes per minute. The planning time for a single pass is

A gear with $$84$$ teeth is to be machined using a milling process with indexing. The index plate has the following four hole circles: $$36,38, 42., 48.$$ The change gear ratio required is