The preparatory and miscellaneous codes used in $$CNC$$ part programming and the functions are given in the Table

The correct combination of code and the respective function is

A schematic diagram of peripheral milling is shown in the Figure.

If $$t$$ is the depth of cut and $$d$$ is the diameter of the milling cutter, then the length of approach $$\left( {la} \right)$$ is expressed as

Turning, drilling, boring and milling are commonly used machining operations. Among these, the operation (s) performed by a single point cutting tool is (are)

The Merchant circle diagram showing various forces associated with a cutting process using a wedge shaped tool is given in the Figure

The coefficient of friction can be estimated from the ratio