In gas tungsten arc welding process, the material coated on pure tungsten electrode to enhance its current carrying capacity is

A pair of spur gears with $${20^ \circ }$$ full-depth involute teeth is used to transmit $$3.5$$ $$kW$$ of power. The pinion rotates at $$700$$ $$rpm$$ and has pitch circle diameter of $$100$$ $$mm.$$ Assuming a single pair of teeth in contact, the total force acting on a gear tooth (in $$kN$$) is

A solid circular shaft is subjected to a bending moment $$M$$ and torque $$T$$ simultaneously. Neglecting the effects of stress concentration, the equivalent bending moment is expressed as

In a numerical control $$(NC)$$ machine positioning system, the measures of precision are expressed by considering a single axis as shown in the Figure.

If $$\sigma $$ is standard deviation of the error distribution, the $$L$$, $$M$$ and $$N$$ are