The shape factor for a casting in the form of an annular cylinder of outside diameter $$30$$ $$cm,$$ inside diameter $$20$$ $$cm$$ and height $$30$$ $$cm$$ (correction factor $$k=1.0$$) will be

Match the items of List $${\rm I}$$ (Equipment) with the items of List $${\rm II}$$ (Process) and select the correct answer using the given codes

Chapters are placed between mould and core surfaces in order to :

Gating ratio of $$1:2:4$$ is used to design the gating system for magnesium alloy casting. This gating ratio refers to the cross section areas of the various gating elements as given below

$$1.$$ $$Down$$ $$sprue$$ $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$2.$$ $$runner$$ $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$3.$$ $$Ingates$$
The sequence of the above elements in the ratio $$1:2:4$$ is