In a metal casting process, molten copper alloy is poured into a sand mould. The level of molten metal in the pouring basin is at a height of $$300$$ $$mm$$ from the runner having diameter of $$10$$ $$mm.$$ If the density and melting temperature of molten copper alloy are $$9000$$ $$kg/{m^3}$$ and $${1000^ \circ }C.$$ respectively then the rate of flow of molten metal into the mould neglecting friction and other losses, in $$c{m^3}/s,$$ is ______________.

For a given volume of a riser, if the solidification time of the molten metal in riser needs to be quadrupled, the surface area of the riser should be made

A mold having dimensions $$100 \times 90 \times 20$$ (all in $$mm$$) is filled with molten metal througgh a gate with height $$'h'$$ and $$C.S$$ area $$A,$$ the mould filling time is $${t_1}$$. The height is now quadrupled and the cross sectional area is halved. The corresponding filling time is $${t_2}$$. The ratio $${t_2}/{t_1}$$ is

In a sand casting process, a sphere and a cylinder of equal volumes are separately cast from the same molten metal under identical conditions. The height and diameter of the cylinder are equal. The ratio of the solidification time of the sphere to that of the cylinder is