A cast steel slab of dimension $$30 \times 20 \times 5\,\,cm$$ is poured horizontally using a side riser. The riser is cylindrical in shape with diameter and height, both equal to $$D.$$ The freezing ratio of the moulds is

The shape factor for a casting in the form of an annular cylinder of outside diameter $$30$$ $$cm,$$ inside diameter $$20$$ $$cm$$ and height $$30$$ $$cm$$ (correction factor $$k=1.0$$) will be

Match the items of List $${\rm I}$$ (Equipment) with the items of List $${\rm II}$$ (Process) and select the correct answer using the given codes

Chapters are placed between mould and core surfaces in order to :