In amplitude modulation, the amplitude of carrier wave is $A_c$ and that of the modulating signal is $A_m$. In practice, the ratio of $A_m$ to $A_c$ is kept less than or equal to one, to avoid

A pipe open at both ends and a pipe closed at one end have same length. The ratio of frequencies of their $P^{\text {th }}$ overtone is

Glass has refractive index $\mu$ with respect to air and the critical angle for a ray of light going from glass to air is $\theta$. If a ray of light is incident from air on the glass with angle of incidence $\theta$, corresponding angle of refraction is

Maximum kinetic energy gained by the charged particle in the cyclotron is independent of