For casting of turbine blades made of high temp and high strength alloys, the most suitable process is

A steel plate $$40cm \times 30cm \times 0.3cm$$ is to be cast. The volume shrinkage of steel during solidification is $$3\% .$$ A cylindrical side riser with diameter $$4cm$$ and height $$4cm$$ is used. The riser volume should at least be $$3$$ times that the dictated by shrinkage consideration. Is the riser volume sufficient if not what is the riser size?

When there is no room temp change, the total shrinkage allowance on a pattern is INDEPENDENCE OF

The problem of shrinkage cavity is more likely to occur while casting ......... A ............ B.......... a chill block

(A.) metal / plastic , (B.) with / without.