In an orthogonal machining experiment using a tool having $${6^ \circ }.$$ Rake angle, the following data were collected. Cutting speed $$0.5$$ $$m/sec,$$ width of cut $$3$$ $$mm,$$ depth of cut $$1mn,$$ chip thickness $$1.5mm.$$ Assuming that shearing takes place under minimum energy condition,

The coefficient of friction between the chip tool interfaces will be

A $$60deg$$ symmetrical $$V$$ tool is used in shaping a work piece with a depth of cut of $$0.1$$$$mm$$ and feed of $$0.1mm/stroke$$. The theoretical peak to valley height, in $$mm,$$ of the surface produced is

When the depth of cut is increased, the specific cutting energy

In $$HSS$$ Tool materials the element tungsten can be completely replaced, without changing the material property by