In an orthogonal machining experiment using a tool having $${6^ \circ }.$$ Rake angle, the following data were collected. Cutting speed $$0.5$$ $$m/sec,$$ width of cut $$3$$ $$mm,$$ depth of cut $$1mn,$$ chip thickness $$1.5mm.$$ Assuming that shearing takes place under minimum energy condition,

Area of shear plane is

In a single pass turning operation the cutting speed is the only variable Based on the cutting time cost and the cutting edge cost. The tool life for minimum cost given that cost of $$1$$ cutting edge is Rs.$$5$$, operator wages including the machine tool cost is Rs. $$75$$/hour and tool life equation is $$V{T^{0.1}}$$ is $$100.$$

In an orthogonal cutting operation,
The depth of cut $$=2$$ $$mm,$$
Width of cut $$=15$$ $$mm,$$
Cutting speed $$=0.5$$ $$m/s$$ and
The rake angle $$=0$$ deg.
The cutting force and the thrust force are respectively $$900$$ $$N$$ and $$600$$ $$N$$ and the shear angle $$=30$$ $$deg$$.

The cutting power in watts is

In an orthogonal cutting operation,
The depth of cut $$=2$$ $$mm,$$
Width of cut $$=15$$ $$mm,$$
Cutting speed $$=0.5$$ $$m/s$$ and
The rake angle $$=0$$ deg.
The cutting force and the thrust force are respectively $$900$$ $$N$$ and $$600$$ $$N$$ and the shear angle $$=30$$ $$deg$$.

The average coefficient of friction between the chip and the tool is