A part can be machined in $$30$$ minutes on an engine lathe where as it can be machined in $$6$$ minutes on a turret lathe. However, it would cost additionally Rs. $$500$$ to tool up the turret lathe for the operation. If the hourly rate including labour and overhead is Rs. $$80$$ for the engine lathe and Rs. $$160$$ for the turret lathe, The minimum number of parts required to make the turret lathe more economical to use, for the operation

In an orthogonal cutting operation, the cutting velocity is $$30$$ $$m/min$$ and the chip velocity $$15$$ $$m/min.$$ If the rake angle of the tool is $${10^0}$$.

The shear angle is

In an orthogonal cutting operation, the cutting velocity is $$30$$ $$m/min$$ and the chip velocity $$15$$ $$m/min.$$ If the rake angle of the tool is $${10^0}$$.

Shear velocity with the help of a velocity triangle.

In an orthogonal cutting operation,
The depth of cut $$=2$$ $$mm,$$
Width of cut $$=15$$ $$mm,$$
Cutting speed $$=0.5$$ $$m/s$$ and
The rake angle $$=0$$ deg.
The cutting force and the thrust force are respectively $$900$$ $$N$$ and $$600$$ $$N$$ and the shear angle $$=30$$ $$deg$$.

The average coefficient of friction between the chip and the tool is