(a) A parallel plate capacitor is charged by an ac source. Show that the sum of conduction current $\left(I_c\right)$ and the displacement current $\left(I_d\right)$ has the same value at all points of the circuit.

(b) In case (a) above, is Kirchhoff's first rule (junction rule) valid at each plate of the capacitor? Explain.

Answer the following giving reason:

(a) All the photo electrons do not eject with same kinetic energy when monochromatic light is incident on a metal surface.

(b) The saturation current in case (a) is different for different intensity.

(c) If one goes on increasing the wavelength of light incident on a metal surface, keeping its intensity constant, emission of photo electrons stop at a certain wavelength for this metal.

(a) Define 'Mass defect' and 'Binding energy' of a nucleus. Describe 'Fission process' on the basis of binding energy per nucleon.

(b) A deuteron contains a proton and a neutron and has a mass of 2.013553 u . Calculate the mass defect for it in $u$ and its energy equivalence in MeV . ( $m_p=1.007277$ u, $m_n=1.008665$ u, $\left.1 \mathrm{u}=931.5 \mathrm{MeV} / \mathrm{c}^2\right)$

(a) Draw circuit arrangement for studying $V-I$ characteristics of a $p-n$ junction diode.

(b) Show the shape of the characteristics of a diode.

(c) Mention two information that you can get from these characteristics.