Assertion (A): It is difficult to move a magnet into a coil of large number of turns when the circuit of the coil is closed.

Reason (R): The direction of induced current in a coil with its circuit closed, due to motion of a magnet, is such that it opposes the cause.

Assertion (A) : The deflection in a galvanometer is directly proportional to the current passing through it.

Reason (R) : The coil of a galvanometer is suspended in a uniform radial magnetic field.

Assertion (A): We cannot form a $p-n$ junction diode by taking a slab of a $p$-type semiconductor and physically joining it to another slab of a $n$-type semiconductor.

Reason (R): In a $p$-type semiconductor $\eta_e \gg \eta_h$ while in a $n$-type semiconductor $\eta_h \gg \eta_{e^*}$

Assertion (A) : The potential energy of an electon revolving in any stationary orbit in a hydrogen atom is positive.

Reason (R) : The total energy of a charged particle is always positive.