graphite

tungsten

nickel

cobalt

$${{Volume\,\,of\,\,wheel\,\,wear} \over {Volume\,\,of\,\,work\,\,material\,\,removed}}$$

$${{Volume\,\,of\,\,work\,\,material\,\,removed} \over {Volume\,\,of\,\,wheel\,\,wear}}$$

$${{Cutting\,\,speed} \over {feed}}$$

$${{longitudinal\,\,feed} \over {transverse\,\,feed}}$$

Atomization

Reduction of metal oxides

Electrolytic deposition

Pulverization

Gear hobbing

Gear shaping

Gear milling

Gear shaving