Two identical containers X and Y are connected at the bottom by a thin tube of negligible volume. The tube has a valve in it, as shown in the figure. Initially container X has a liquid filled up to height h in it and container Y is empty. When the valve is opened, both containers have equal amount of liquid in equilibrium. If the initial (before the valve is opened) potential energy of the liquid is P₁ and the final potential energy is P₂ then :

A particle is moving in a circle of radius R with a constant speed v. Its average acceleration over the time when it moves over half the circle is :

Two forces of 5⋅0 N each are acting on a point mass. If the angle between the forces is 60°, then the net force acting on the point mass has magnitude close to :

Who among the following is not a recipient of Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2022?