Read the following passage and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

Conventional classrooms, by emphasizing fixed duration over learning effectiveness, resign themselves to variable outcomes. The tyranny of the classroom is that every learner is subjected to the same set of lectures in the same way for the same duration. In the end, a few learners shine, some survive, and the rest are left behind. After the fixed duration, the classroom model moves on, with not a thought spared for those left behind. This is how we end up with 10 percent employability in our graduates after a decade and a half of formal education. Repeating the same ineffectual script in the realm of skill education will not produce different results.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. As a large number of workers in our country are employed in unorganized sector, India does not need to change its present conventional classroom system of education.

2. Even with its present conventional classroom system of education, India produces sufficient number of skilled workers to fully realize the benefits of demographic dividend.

Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

Read the following passage and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

When a child reaches adolescence, there is apt to be a conflict between the parents and the child, since the latter considers himself to be by now quite capable of managing his own affairs, while the former are filled with parental solicitude, which is often a disguise for love of power. Parents consider, usually, that the various moral problems which arise in adolescence are peculiarly their province. The options they express, however, are so dogmatic that the young seldom confide in them, and usually go their own way in secret.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

1. The adolescent does not feel comfortable with his parents because they tend to be dominating and assertive.

2. The adolescent of modern times does not have much respect for parents.

Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

Read the following passage and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

When a child reaches adolescence, there is apt to be a conflict between the parents and the child, since the latter considers himself to be by now quite capable of managing his own affairs, while the former are filled with parental solicitude, which is often a disguise for love of power. Parents consider, usually, that the various moral problems which arise in adolescence are peculiarly their province. The options they express, however, are so dogmatic that the young seldom confide in them, and usually go their own way in secret.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the above passage?

(a) Parents in general may not be of much help when children are on their way to becoming adults.

(b) When children reach adolescence, involvement of parents in their lives is unnecessary.

(c) Modern-day nuclear families are not capable of bringing up children properly.

(d) In modern societies, adolescents tend to be stubborn, disobedient and careless.

Read the following passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.

When an international team of scientists pumped a carbon dioxide and water mix into underground basalt rocks, basic chemistry took over. The acidic mixture dissolved rocks’ calcium and magnesium and formed limestone. Basically carbon dioxide is converted into stone, exclaimed the scientists.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical, rational and practical suggestion implied by the passage?