The logic gates shown in the digital circuit below use strong pull-down nMOS transistors for LOW logic level at the outputs. When the pull-downs are off, high-value resistors set the output logic levels to HIGH (i.e. the pull-ups are weak). Note that some nodes are intentionally shorted to implement “wired logic”. Such shorted nodes will be HIGH only if the outputs of all the gates whose outputs are shorted are HIGH.


The number of distinct values of X₃X₂X₁X₀ (out of the 16 possible values) that give 𝑌 = 1 is _______.

A universal logic gate can implement any Boolean function by connecting sufficient number of them appropriately. Three gates are shown.

Which one of the following statesments is TRUE?

All the logic gates shown in the figure have a propagation delay of 20 ns. Let A = C = 0 and B = 1 until time t = 0. At t = 0, all the inputs flip (i.e., A = C = 1 and B = 0) and remain in that state. For t > 0, output Z = 1 for a duration (in ns) of ______________.

A 3-input majority gate is defined by the logic function M (a,b,c) = ab+bc+ca. Which one of the following gates is represented by the function M$$\left( {\overline {M\left( {a,b,c} \right),} M\left( {a,b,\overline c } \right),c} \right)?$$